2023年4月20日

红红原鸡,鸡的物种被驯化。信贷:正树Eda鸡育种的确凿证据发现了日本弥生时代的Karako-Kagi网站。鸡是最常见的家畜之一,目前估计的人口超过330亿人。他们饲养的肉和蛋,也许是作为宠物饲养。鸡被认为是驯化在东南亚大约3500年前,之后他们被带到世界的各个角落。介绍到日本的鸡育种的确切日期是在争论中,没有历史记载和考古证据是不确定的。北海道大学博物馆正树Eda教授领导的一个团队发现鸡育种在日本最早的确凿证据。研究结果,显示鸡饲养在Karako-Kagi网站,解决从弥生时代(公元前5世纪到公元前2世纪),发表在《地球科学前沿》杂志上。“鸡及其野生亲缘属于一个家庭的鸟叫Phasianids,包括野鸡、火鸡和鹌鹑,”解释了Eda。”少年的骨头phasianids无疑从考古遗址中恢复不能被认定为属于鸡或同样大小的野生野鸡。 Identification of juveniles is important, as it would indicate that breeding of chickens took place." The bones examined in this study were discovered at the 58th research point in the Karako-Kagi site. Credit: Masaki Eda, et al. Frontiers in Earth Science. April 20, 2023 The Karako-Kagi site, in what is now Tawaramoto Town, Nara Prefecture, is considered to be a settlement that played the role of a leader of the Kinki region during the Yayoi period. There are multiple archaeological digs in the area; one such dig, at the 58th research point, yielded ten phasianid bones, four of which belonged to juvenile birds. The team used a technique called Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) to analyze the collagen in two of the juvenile phasianid bones. Previous work by Eda had shown that domestic chicken and Japanese wild pheasants had different ZooMS fingerprints; ZooMS revealed that both the two bones belonged to chickens. The collagen from one of the bones was also carbon dated to 381–204 BCE, corresponding to the middle Yayoi period. The two bones from the Karako-Kagi site identified as belonging to juvenile chickens by the Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry technique. Credit: Masaki Eda, et al. Frontiers in Earth Science. April 20, 2023 "Ten of the eleven previously-discovered bones of adult chickens from this period have all belonged to males; hence, it was thought chicken breeding could not have occurred on the Japanese archipelago," Eda said. "By identifying bones from juvenile chickens, we provide clear evidence that breeding did occur in that time period—which is also the earliest time chickens could have been introduced to Japan. In addition, Karako-Kagi is considered an important trade hub of the Yayoi period, so there is a possibility that this status is a factor in chicken breeding during the period." The archaeological discoveries of chickens in Japan show that the human-chicken relationship was very different from that revealed by archaeological studies in China and in Europe. Future research will focus on understanding these differences. More information: The earliest evidence of domestic chickens in the Japanese Archipelago, Frontiers in Earth Science (2023). DOI: 10.3389/feart.2023.1104535 Journal information: