2022年5月24日

2022年5月24日美国已开始从国家战略储备中释放猴痘疫苗，以保护高危人群。两剂疫苗已被批准用于预防天花和猴痘。美国疾病控制与预防中心新兴和人畜共患传染病中心高后果病原体和病理学部副主任珍妮弗·麦克奎斯顿在新闻发布会上说:“我可以报告说，已经有人要求从国家储备中为一些早期患者的一些高风险接触者发放Jynneos疫苗，所以现在正在积极进行。”据路透社报道，Jynneos疫苗于2019年在美国获得批准，用于高危成年人。麦奎斯顿说，美国有大量的疫苗储备，因为它已经为可能需要天花疫苗做了准备。麦奎斯顿说:“目前，我们有1000多剂疫苗。”“我们预计，随着该公司向我们提供更多剂量，这一水平将在未来几周内迅速上升。”ACAM2000是美国批准的另一种天花疫苗，它也可以用来预防猴痘，美国有超过1亿剂。“ACAM2000是一种老一代天花疫苗，它有一些潜在的重大副作用，”McQuiston说。“因此，广泛使用这种技术的决定必须经过认真讨论。” First, federal health officials plan to use a few vaccines among close contacts of the current patients to prevent the virus from spreading, according to CNN . "We are hoping to maximize vaccine distribution to those that we know would benefit from it," McQuiston said. "Those are people who've had contact with known monkeypox patients, health care workers — very close personal contact — and those in particular who might be at high risk for severe disease." By the CDC's count, the first confirmed monkeypox case in the U.S. is a man from Massachusetts who recently traveled to Canada. At least six suspected cases span across the country, according to ABC News , with one in New York, two in Florida, two in Utah and one in Washington. They tested positive for orthopoxvirus, the family of viruses that includes monkeypox. As of Tuesday afternoon, there was also one suspected case of monkeypox under investigation in Sacramento County, CA, local news station KTXL reported . The suspected case was identified in a person who had recently traveled to Europe. Given the current outbreak, health care providers should assume that orthopox cases are monkeypox, McQuiston said. The CDC expects to receive samples from the suspected cases and test them this week. "It is likely that there are going to be additional cases reported in the United States," she said. On Monday, Seattle health officials announced that a "presumptive" case is being investigated in an adult male who traveled internationally during the past month to a country that had reported monkeypox cases, according to The Associated Press . The initial testing was completed Monday at a state laboratory, the AP reported. Federal health officials will confirm the case. The man wasn't hospitalized and is isolating at home, Seattle health officials said, noting that they don't believe there is a high risk to the public. Also on Monday, the CDC issued a travel alert to "practice enhanced precautions" as monkeypox spreads in multiple countries. Cases have now been confirmed in more than 16 countries. "Risk to the general public is low, but you should seek medical care immediately if you develop new, unexplained skin rash (lesions on any part of the body), with or without fever and chills," the CDC wrote. The World Health Organization announced Tuesday that there have been 131 confirmed cases and 106 additional suspected cases outside of Africa since the first case was reported on May 7, according to Reuters . Although the multi-country outbreak is unusual, it remains "containable" and limited, WHO officials said. International health officials are meeting this week and next week to talk about how to tackle the situation. Sources: CNN: "US in process of releasing monkeypox vaccine from national stockpile for ‘high-risk' people, CDC says." CDC: "CDC Media Telebriefing: Update on 2022 U.S. Monkeypox Investigation," "Travel Notices: Monkeypox in Multiple Countries." Reuters: "U.S. health officials releasing some Jynneos vaccine doses for monkeypox — CDC," "WHO says monkeypox outbreak ‘containable,' confirms 131 cases outside Africa." ABC News: "1 confirmed, 6 presumptive monkeypox cases in US, government releasing vaccines for exposed." The Associated Press: "Presumptive case of monkeypox reported in Seattle area." Credit: