2023年4月13日

嵌入,代码复制并粘贴到你的网站或者博客:< iframe帧边缘= = " 620 "滚动=“1”高度src = " / /www.jdsupra.com/post/contentViewerEmbed.aspx?“汽车”fid = cf005260 - 538 - 46 - dc - b110 - 907994700 - fc2”风格= "边境:2 px固体# ccc;overflow-x:隐藏!重要;溢出:隐藏;“宽度= " 100% " > < / iframe >上个月晚些时候,美国司法部(DOJ)宣布其提交的申诉指控俄罗斯国家弗拉基米罗维奇Cherkasov几个方面,包括阴谋充当代理人的俄罗斯政府没有通知美国首席检察官违反18C§951(951节)。Cherkasov起诉书说,俄罗斯联邦的国家,2012年开始作为一个非法代理工作为俄罗斯情报服务代理(RIS)巴西Victor Muller费雷拉的别名。据美国司法部,而在美国Cherkasov“开发他的封面故事,获得美国学位,建造他的传说,收集情报,并通过这个情报RIS。”例如,起诉书称:“从大约2020年1月,CHERKASOV,使用费雷拉别名,申请很多工作职位在美国,哥伦比亚特区,和其他地方。CHERKASOV应用于在几个国际组织,包括联合国国际刑事法庭;敏感的位置在美国的公司需要一个安全间隙;美国大学; U.S. think-tanks; U.S. financial institutions; a U.S. media outlet; and a position in the U.S. government.” CHERKASOV drafted an electronic message about U.S. persons (USP) on Thumb Drive 2. CHERKASOV summarized a discussion with USP 13—the CEO and cofounder of TT2—about USP 13’s article and the Russian military buildup near Ukraine. CHERKASOV stated that USP 13 “is a valuable contact and it is a good sign that [USP 13]50 is replying to our questions and thoughts” on the current Ukrainian crisis. By way of background, Section 951 targets activities undertaken by foreign agents in the United States. It provides criminal penalties for certain agents of foreign governments who act in the United States without first notifying the Attorney General. Section 951 cases, like Cherkasov’s, generally involve espionage-like or clandestine behavior, information gathering, or procurement of technology on behalf of foreign governments or officials. Section 951 is centered on criminal enforcement of violations and has no formal administrative registration system. Although similar, Section 951 is a separate and distinct statute from the Foreign Agents Registration (FARA). There are several key differences between the two statutory regimes. FARA is a disclosure statute with its primary purpose being transparency, and not criminal prosecution like Section 951. Furthermore, while the definition of foreign principal under Section 951 is limited to foreign governments and officials, FARA defines foreign principals more broadly, also including foreign companies and foreign individuals. Nonetheless, registration under FARA serves as the requisite notice under Section 951. Moreover, like Section 951, FARA does authorize criminal penalties for violations. Again, however, FARA’s main purpose is transparency, and not criminal prosecution. In his statement regarding the Complaint, U.S. Attorney Matthew M. Graves emphasized that undercover operatives sent by foreign adversaries will be found and prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. Cherkasov is currently being held in Brazil and was convicted of several counts of fraud and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment. The Russian government is seeking Cherkasov’s extradition, and according to U.S. officials, Cherkasov’s recent indictment is an attempt to preempt Russia’s extradition attempt. This recent Complaint demonstrates DOJ’s continued focus on aggressively enforcing foreign agent laws though use of statutory tools like Section 951 and FARA. These and other recent enforcement actions involving foreign agents reinforce the importance of ensuring maximum compliance with U.S. foreign agent laws. * * * *