2023年2月11日

巴西博阿维斯塔(美联社)——从远处看，躺在城市市场外人行道上的一小群人可能与散布在博阿维斯塔的数百名无家可归的人相混淆。但他们是亚诺马米人，一个来自亚马逊雨林的土著民族，传统上生活在相对孤立的环境中。在极右翼总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗(Jair Bolsonaro)领导的上届政府期间，由于多年的忽视，非法淘金者涌入他们的领土，导致健康危机恶化。数十名亚诺马米人最终在该地区最大的城市漫游。在博阿维斯塔的食品市场生活的人群中，年龄最大的是一对夫妇——46岁的奥玛·亚诺玛米和35岁的博妮塔·亚诺玛米。他们都来自Koroasipiitheri社区，只能坐飞机去。今年9月，他们被医疗救助送到博阿维斯塔，陪伴患有疟疾的3岁儿子。最初，他们住在博阿维斯塔郊区的一家名为Casai的土著健康之家(Indigenous Health House)，博阿维斯塔是一座拥有44万人口的庞大城市，是罗赖马州(Roraima)的首府。但在最初的几天里，这家人离开了收容所，开始露宿街头。“太拥挤了，”Oma Yanomami周四坐在肮脏的人行道上用蹩脚的葡萄牙语告诉美联社。 Beside him, his wife was asleep despite the heavy car traffic nearby. Both had sustained bruises and appeared in poor health. A report published this week by the Ministry of Health paints a grim picture of Casai, which was built to host Yanomami under treatment and their relatives. Its capacity is 200 people, but it harbors many as 700, representing 2% of the Yanomami population. The figure doesn’t include those hospitalized, including several children with severe malnutrition. “The bathrooms are unhealthy, and the dining areas are insufficient and unpleasant. In addition, the food was insufficient until a few months ago,” the report says. “The Yanomami lack space to prepare their food and other activities, so at night, there are several drunken people and reports of violence and car hit-and-runs.” According to the report, 150 Yanomami are eligible to return to their villages, but the wait for a place on a return flight can be very long — 10 years in one extreme case. An estimated 30,000 Yanomami people live in Brazil’s largest Indigenous territory, which covers an area roughly the size of Portugal and stretches across Roraima and Amazonas states in the northwest corner of Brazil’s Amazon. Life in the streets took its toll on Oma and Bonita Yanomami. Their son soon contracted pneumonia, while his parents fell into drinking sprees. Health workers found out about the situation and took the baby to a local hospital. There, he was admitted as “indigent,” which put him on the adoption path without the parents’ consent. For four months, the couple did not see their child. Then social workers affiliated with the Indigenous movement intervened to get them inside to visit. The future of the child now hinges on a judicial order. It is not uncommon to meet Yanomami in the streets of Boa Vista, most with drinking problems. Some go back to Casai during the night, while others end up under viaducts. Their life is rough. Two weeks ago, a Yanomami woman gave birth on a sidewalk. On Thursday, a Yanomami man died several days after being injured in a fight inside a prison, according to the State Secretary of Justice. There are 269 Indigenous inmates in Roraima of various peoples. In January, the federal government, led by President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, declared a public health emergency for the Yanomami people. Since then, military doctors treated over 1,000 people in a field hospital in Boa Vista, and 4,000 food baskets were distributed in the vast territory. In parallel, security forces started to destroy equipment and control entry of illegal gold miners , estimated at 20,000 people. As a result, dozens have decided to leave the Indigenous territory, while many others keep mining gold. The Indigenous organizations now want the Yanomami child, now four years old, to be returned to his parents so they can board a plane and go back to Koroasipiitheri, where six siblings are waiting for them. ___ Associated Press climate and environmental coverage receives support from several private foundations. See more about AP’s climate initiative here . The AP is solely responsible for all content. Read more about: